Proporsional alih fungsi lahan mangrove untuk kawasan budidaya dalam perspektif mitigasi perubahan iklim
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/grouper.v14i2.158Keywords:
Stok karbon, Budidaya, Manajemen Ekosistem Mangrove, Mitigasi Perubahan IklimAbstract
Pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove umumnya terdiri dari pengelolaan konservatif dan pengelolaan destruktif. Salah satu pengelolaan destruktif yang paling berpengaruh terhadap degradasi mangrove adalah alih fungsi lahan menjadi tambak. Penyerapan karbon mangrove menurun dan emisi gas rumah kaca meningkat seiring dengan konversi mangrove. Disisi lain, manfaat ekonomi dari kegiatan tambak sangat menjanjikan bagi pelaku usaha. Perdebatan antara mempertahankan ekologi atau mengutamakan keuntungan ekonomi terus bergulir. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menentukan proporsional alih fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak dalam perspektif mitigasi perubahan iklim. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa alih fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak pada proporsi tersebut dapat dilakukan pertimbangan keuntungan ekonomi dengan tetap menjaga optimasi fungsi penyerapan karbon. Stok karbon yang hilang akibat konversi dapat diperoleh melalui budidaya tambak udang. Kegiatan budidaya mampu menyerap CO2 hingga 25% dari serapan karbon mangrove melalui penyerapan fitoplankton. Selain itu, emisi gas CH4 yang dihasilkan tambak tradisional, semi intensif, dan intensif juga relatif rendah yaitu berkisar 0.0009 – 0.0264 mg m2 ha-1. Stok karbon mangrove yang dapat dikonversi menjadi tambak yang memiliki nilai karbon awal sebesar 261.9-490.12 Mg C ha-1 adalah 99.82-227.03 Mg C ha-1. Konversi tersebut dapat dilakukan untuk pembukaan lahan atau pengembangan kawasan budidaya. Namun apabila nilai stok karbon pada suatu ekosistem lebih rendah dari nilai stok karbon minimal (<261,9 Mg C ha-1) maka kegiatan budidaya dapat dilakukan pada lahan eksisting dan tidak melakukan konversi mangrove, sebaliknya harus dilakukan rehabilitasi mangrove sehingga stok karbon dapat meningkat. Jenis spesies mangrove yang direkomendasikan untuk direhabilitasi adalah R. stylosa, R. apiculata. dan R. mucronata.Â
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