Effect of Stocking Density on the Survival of Litopenaeus vannamei Larvae through the PL5 Stage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/grouper.v17i2.490Keywords:
Hatchery, Litopenaeus Vannamei, Postlarvae, Stocking Density, Survival RateAbstract
The whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading Indonesian aquaculture commodity, and the success of postlarval production in hatcheries is a key determinant of downstream productivity. Initial nauplius stocking density is one of the main hatchery variables affecting water quality and larval survival. This study analyzed the effect of two stocking densities, 90 individuals/L (P90) and 120 individuals/L (P120), on the survival rate (SR) of L. vannamei larvae from the nauplius stage (N5–N6) through the PL5 stage. The study was conducted at the hatchery of PT. Central Proteina Prima, Kalianda, South Lampung, using a field-experiment approach with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprising two treatments and three replicate tanks per treatment (six independent experimental units in total). Each 45-ton tank constituted one experimental unit. SR was the primary response variable, while temperature, salinity, pH, ammonia, and nitrite were monitored as supporting water-quality variables. Data were analyzed with an independent-samples t-test at α = 0.05, preceded by Shapiro–Wilk normality and Levene homogeneity checks. P90 produced a mean SR of 83.70 ± 7.77%, significantly higher than P120 at 65.23 ± 6.51% (t = 3.156 > t-critical = 2.776, df = 4; mean difference = 18.47 percentage points, 95% CI 2.22–34.72; Cohen's d ≈ 2.58). The lower SR in P120 coincided with higher ammonia (0.340–0.357 mg/L) and nitrite (0.085–0.194 mg/L) concentrations, consistent with — though not proof of — greater metabolic-waste loading at the higher density; dissolved oxygen, feed competition, and cannibalism were not measured directly in this study and are discussed as plausible contributing mechanisms rather than confirmed causes. In terms of production efficiency, P90 achieved a postlarval output nearly equal to P120 while using approximately 25% fewer nauplii. Among the two densities tested, 90 individuals/L is the more suitable choice for improving both survival and input efficiency in commercial-scale hatchery operations; whether an even better density exists outside the tested range remains an open question for further research.
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