Livelihood Strategies of Fishermen in the Marine Tourism Area of Pangandaran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/grouper.v17i2.435Keywords:
livelihood assets;, livelihood strategies;, fishermen, marine tourism;, PangandaranAbstract
The Pangandaran marine tourism area is one of the leading tourism destinations in West Java that serves not only as a tourism hub but also as a livelihood area for fishing communities. The development of marine tourism has encouraged changes in fishermen’s livelihood patterns through various strategies to maintain and improve household welfare. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between livelihood assets and fishermen’s livelihood strategies in the Pangandaran marine tourism area. This study employed a survey method with a quantitative approach. Samples were selected using simple random sampling involving 89 active fishermen in Pangandaran Beach. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, descriptive quantitative analysis, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. The results showed that fishermen’s livelihood assets were generally categorized as good to very good, with physical capital (87%) being the highest, followed by social capital (78%), human capital (75%), natural capital (64%), and financial capital (62%). Fishermen’s livelihood strategies were dominated by survival strategies (90%), while diversification (55%), migration (39%), and intensification/extensification (37%) strategies were relatively less practiced. The results of Spearman’s Rank Correlation test indicated that there was no significant relationship between livelihood assets and fishermen’s livelihood strategies (Sig. > 0.05). These findings suggest that fishermen’s livelihood strategies are influenced not only by the ownership of livelihood assets but also by vulnerability factors, environmental conditions, and the socio-economic characteristics of fishing communities.
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