Journal Title Grouper : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Initial Grouper Accreditation SINTA 3 Accredited by Kemdiktisaintek based on Decree (No. 173/C3/DT.05.00/2025) Frequency 2 issues per year (April and September). DOI Prefix 10.30736/grouper by ISSN Print 2086-8480 ISSN Online 2716-2702 Editor in Chief M. Khairul Anam, SH.,SP.,MP.,MBA Man. Editor Ika Purnamasari, S.Pi.,MP Publisher LITBANG PEMAS - Universitas Islam Lamongan Language English Collaboration JURNAL SAINTEK PERIKANAN dan RJI Indexing at Google Scholar | Garuda | Dimension | Road| Sinta |DOAJ GROUPER : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan (P-ISSN 2086-8480 and E-ISSN 2716-2702) published since 2012 by the Faculty of Fisheries, Lamongan Islamic University and now has been merged with Animal Science Department, become Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Science GROUPER : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan publishes one volume each year. Each volume consists of two issues, usually published in April and September. GROUPER : Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan provides scientific publications and disseminates original and quality articles related to the discipline of fisheries science which includes: Aquatic Resource Management, Coastal Area Management, Water Pollution Control, Fisheries Development Policy, Fisheries Agribusiness, Fisheries Socioeconomics, Fisheries Community Extension. Before submission, You have to make sure that your paper is prepared using the INTENSIF paper TEMPLATE, has been carefully proofread and polished, and conformed to the author guidelines. Online Submissions Already Have a Username/Password for Intensif? GO TO LOGIN. Need a Username/Password? GO TO REGISTRATION. Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions. <table style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Serif', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; width: 800px; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none;" border="1"> Time to first decision 7 days Submission to acceptance 90 days Acceptance to publication 6 days <div class="metric u-padding-s-left" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Serif', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
Immunostimulant Application of Chlorella Vulgaris on the Growth of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Gresik
This activity aims to improve the defense of harvests and the bodies of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in ponds in Gresik Regency through the application of immunostimulants from Chlorella vulgaris. The main problems faced by farmers include high shrimp mortality rates due to declining water quality and pathogen infections. The use of antibiotics has proven to be ineffective and causes residues in aquaculture products, which are harmful to health. Therefore, an environmentally friendly biotechnology approach through the use of natural immunostimulants is a more sustainable alternative. The implementation method included collaboration between the community service team, the Fisheries Service, and farmer groups in Mojoasem and Pangkah Wetan villages, Ujung Pangkah subdistrict, Gresik Regency. The stages of the activity consisted of socialization, training in the production and application of Chlorella vulgaris based immunostimulants, and assistance in applying the technology in ponds. The results of the activity showed that the use of Chlorella vulgaris immunostimulants had a significant effect on the growth and survival parameters of vaname shrimp.0020The 28-day maintenance period yielded the best results in terms of survival rate (SR) of 100%, specific growth rate (SGR) of 4.17%, and absolute weight and length growth of 1.39 grams and 1.10 cm. The application of immunostimulants can enhance immune response, maintain water quality stability, and reduce shrimp mortality rates. Thus, this technology has the potential to become an innovative strategy in the development of shrimp farming in the coastal areas of Gresik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gunanti Mahasri, Daruti Dinda Nindarwi, Hapsari Kenconojati, Daud Dharmansyah, Adelia Inas Shafira, Afifah Elok Firdaus, Faisol Mas’ud, Endah Sih Prihatini, Fuquh Rahmat Shaleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Morphometric and Length–Weight Relationship of Sea Cucumbers (Holothuriidae) in Northern Waters of Tunda Island, Banten
Sea cucumbers (family Holothuriidae) are economically important marine invertebrates that are increasingly exploited, raising concerns about the sustainability of their populations. Sea cucumbers are economically valuable and contain bioactive compounds, making them important fisheries resources. This study aimed to analyze the morphometrics and length–weight relationship of sea cucumbers in the northern waters of Tunda Island, Banten. Sampling was conducted on 20–21 September 2025 using hand picking within 50 × 50 cm transects, with a total of 18 individuals collected. Morphometric parameters, including body length, diameter, and Body Basal Area (BBA), were measured under in situ and ex situ conditions. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships between these parameters and body weight. Results showed that BBA was the most reliable predictor of body weight, with R² = 0.731 for ex situ measurements, while in situ measurements had higher variability (R² = 0.219). Diameter and length had lower predictive power. These findings provide baseline data for sustainable management and utilization of sea cucumber populations. Future studies should integrate physiological variables, seasonal variation, and image-based morphometrics to enhance biomass estimation and conservation strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syarlla Putri Ara Fitria, Hafiz Hanania Rosadi, Firda Adzkiya Nur Fatahillah, Qien Ratu Syafa'ah, Shofi Nur Alamsyah, Prakas Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income of Vaname Shrimp Farming Businesses (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency
Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming is a highly profitable fishery business with the potential to increase farmers' income. This study aims to analyze the income from vaname shrimp farming in Parigi Subdistrict, Pangandaran Regency, and to analyze the factors that affect the income from this farming business. The study used a survey method with a quantitative approach. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and questionnaires with vaname shrimp farmers. Data analysis was performed descriptively to describe the characteristics of the pond farming system, as well as quantitatively using cost and income analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the farming systems used consisted of semi-intensive, intensive, and super-intensive systems with differences in pond area, pond construction, number of water wheels, and stocking density. Business vaname shrimp farming provides profits in each farming system, with an average income per production cycle in semi-intensive ponds of IDR 92,820,000–IDR 201,874,333, intensive ponds of IDR 614,910,492, and super-intensive ponds of IDR 920,702,000. The regression analysis results show that the selling price variable has a significant effect on the income of vaname shrimp farming businesses, while probiotic costs and labor costs do not have a significant effect on income. The research conclusion shows that vaname shrimp farming businesses in Parigi Subdistrict are profitable in every farming system, and the selling price is the factor that has the most significant effect on income.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ika Ayu Lestari, Ine Maulina, Nora Akbarsyah, Asep Agus Handaka Suryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Maximum Profit Optimization of The Walang Marthafons Smoked Fish Business in Poka Village, Ambon
The main constraint faced by the Walang Marthafons smoked fish business in Poka Village is the inefficient use of production factors, resulting in suboptimal profits and a moderate value-added ratio. This study aims to analyze profit maximization using a linear programming approach. A case study method with a quantitative approach was applied. Data were collected through interviews and direct observations of the business owner. The analysis consisted of two stages: (1) profit analysis to determine actual profit based on total revenue and production costs, and (2) linear programming to identify the optimal production combination under constraints of raw materials, labor, and production capacity. The results indicate that the actual profit per production period is Rp 983.702, while the maximum attainable profit is Rp 1.490.430, representing an increase of 51,5%. The optimal production level is 38.8 kg per period, consisting of 22,5 kg of trevally, 5,8 kg of barramundi, and 10,5 kg of grouper. These findings suggest that production optimization can significantly improve business performance. Business owners are encouraged to adopt optimization techniques, while policymakers should support small-scale fisheries through training and improved access to resources, technology, and financing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eygner Talakua, Angela Ruban, Janer Sangaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of Nanobubble Air Pressure on the Hatching Success of Giant Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) Eggs
Giant gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) is an important freshwater commodity in Indonesia, but seed production is often constrained by low egg hatching rates and poor larval survival. Optimizing dissolved oxygen during egg incubation is critical, particularly because embryos and early larvae have not yet developed functional accessory breathing organs. This study evaluated the effect of different nanobubble air pressures on the hatching performance of giant gourami eggs. A completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications was applied: A) incubation without nanobubble (control); B) nanobubble air pressure of 0.3 psi; C) 0.6 psi; and D) 0.9 psi. A total of 1,000 eggs per incubation basin were stocked in 12 basins, and nanobubble aeration was supplied using a high-blower pump, fine-bubble diffusers, and digital manometers. Observed parameters included fertilization rate, hatching rate, hatching time, survival rate until day 3, and basic water quality (dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH). Nanobubble air pressure significantly affected hatching time and larval survival (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on hatching rate (p > 0.05). The 0.6 psi treatment yielded the best biological performance, with fertilization rate of 91.57%, hatching rate of 83.53%, and survival rate of 94.58%, and along with the fastest hatching time (36 h 43 min at 80% hatch). Dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.36–5.75 mg L⁻¹, temperature 31.7–32.2°C, and pH 7.2–7.7 across treatments, all within acceptable ranges for gourami incubation, with the most stable conditions observed at 0.6 psi. These findings indicate that nanobubble aeration at 0.6 psi is an effective and practical strategy to improve egg hatching performance and early larval survival of giant gourami, and can be readily applied in small- to medium-scale hatchery systems with relatively low operational costs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rio Yusufi Subhan, Kurnia Faturrohman, Nurul Fatimah, Maisuri Hardani, Linuwih Aluh Prastiti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Combination of Raffia Rope Attractors and Lighting on Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) for Positive Phototactic Fish
Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) are widely used to improve fishing efficiency, and their effectiveness depends largely on attractor design and visual stimuli such as light. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining raffia rope attractors and LED lighting on surface FADs in attracting positive phototactic fish (Poecilia reticulata), and to assess their vertical distribution and behavioral responses. A laboratory experiment was conducted using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (position × light presence) with four treatments: bottom without light, bottom with light, surface without light, and surface with light. The primary parameter measured was the number of fish within a 10 cm attraction zone, recorded every 10 minutes for 60 minutes. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA at a 5% significance level. The results showed that FAD position significantly affected the number of fish approaching the attraction zone (p < 0.05), whereas light presence alone had no significant effect (p > 0.05). However, a significant interaction between position and light was detected (p < 0.05). The highest effectiveness was observed in the surface FAD without light (77%), suggesting that the visual structure of raffia attractors at the surface was sufficient to induce strong aggregation. These findings indicate that the effectiveness of raffia attractors is primarily driven by placement position rather than additional lighting, although their interaction still contributes to fish aggregation behavior. This study provides a practical basis for prioritizing surface FAD placement with raffia attractors over the use of additional lighting in small-scale fisheries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Janatul Magwa, Farhan Ramdhani, Yoppie Wulanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Immersion of Noni Extract Improves Recovery and Reduces Bacteria in Catfish
Catfish is one of the superior fisheries sectors in the market, but the obstacle often faced by catfish farmers is disease attacks. One of the diseases that often attack catfish is the Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. An alternative that can be used in the treatment of bacteria in catfish is to utilize antibacterial compounds found in noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia). The purpose of this study was to determine the effective dose of noni fruit solution soaking in the treatment of catfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. This study used a completely randomized experimental design method with 4 treatments and 3 replications carried out for 17 days and was infected intramuscularly with a concentration of 106 CFU/ml of 0.1 ml, with test treatments A (Control), B (30 g/L), C (45 g/L) and D (60 g/L) and soaking using the short bath method for 20 minutes. The results obtained from the study will be subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the study showed that the effective dose was found in treatments B (30 g/L), C (45 g/L) and D (60 g/L) with the observed variables of fish recovery and survival rates being 100%, while the optimal dose for reducing the number of bacteria was found in treatment B (30 g/L) in the kidney section of 0.72 x 107 with a reduction of bacteria of 76.8% while in the liver section it was 0.57 x 107 with a reduction of bacteria of 80.1%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusdiman W. Danial w. danial, Arafik Lamadi, Indra G. Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Efficacy of Teak (Tectona grandis) Leaf Extract Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Catfish
Catfish is a leading commodity in the fisheries cultivation sector, one of the main problems in catfish cultivation activities is infection with Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease caused by the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophilla. This study aims to determine the therapeutic activity of young teak leaf (Tectona grandis) solution against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and to find the most effective dose of young teak leaf (Tectona grandis) solution in inhibiting the performance of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. using a completely randomized experimental design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates conducted over 19 days. The fish were injected intramuscularly with a concentration of 10⁶ cfu/ml (0.1 ml) and subjected to treatments A (Control), B (10 g/L), C (15 g/L), and D (20 g/L). The fish were immersed for 20 minutes. The results obtained from the study were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the study showed that herbal therapy by soaking catfish in a solution of young teak leaves was effective in treating catfish infected with A. hydrophila at the optimal dose, namely in treatment B (10 g/L), which was characterized by a decrease in the number of bacteria calculated using the ALT method of 0.06 x 10⁷ in the kidneys and 0.02 x 10⁷ in the liver, as well as a survival rate and a cure rate of 100%. The results of this study are expected to be easily implemented and beneficial for fish farmers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Silvana Kasim, Arafik Lamadi, Indra G. Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Indigofera zollingeriana as an Alternative Feed and Immunostimulant For Snakehead Fish Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
The demand for snakehead fish in South Sumatra continues to increase, encouraging farmers to develop intensive cultivation. However, the main challenges of high feed costs and disease attacks need to be addressed to maintain optimal productivity. One alternative being studied is the use of Indigofera zollingeriana as a source of protein and immunostimulant in feed. This study aims to evaluate the effect of substituting fish meal with Indigofera flour on the immune response of snakehead fish (Channa striata) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments of fish meal substitution with Indigofera zollingeriana flour, namely 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%. The parameters observed included phytochemical tests, growth, blood profile, and water quality. The results of the phytochemical test showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. In the blood profile, the 45% treatment produced the highest erythrocyte value (4.54 × 10⁴ cells) and hematocrit of 38%. The best growth was shown in the 30% treatment with an SGR value of 2.56±0.23d and an FCR of 1.61±0.11a, while the highest survival rate (84.44%) was obtained in the 45% treatment. These findings indicate that Indigofera has the potential as a functional feed to improve the immunity and productivity of snakehead fish.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Lestari, Rizki Eka Puteri, Rani Ria Rizki, Guttifera, Donny Prariska, Raudhatus Sa'adah, Febby Hadi Setyawan, Ramanda Ahmad Rizal Rifa'i https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Application of Synbiotics Lactobacillus Casei and Banana Peel Waste to Improve Growth Performance of African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus in Intensive Aquaculture Systems
Food security and malnutrition remain global challenges, requiring sustainable food production strategies such as the Blue Transformation concept promoted by FAO. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is an important aquaculture commodity for fulfilling nutritional needs, containing 19.03% protein, 8.1% fat, and high levels of essential amino acids. However, intensive farming systems often encounter constraints such as high feed conversion, reduced water quality, and suboptimal growth performance. Synbiotics, combining probiotics and natural prebiotics, offer a promising alternative to antibiotic use in aquaculture. In this context, the utilization of locally available banana peel waste as a prebiotic represents an eco-friendly approach that supports resource efficiency within the Blue Transformation framework. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary synbiotics consisting of Lactobacillus casei and banana peel–based prebiotics on the growth performance and feed efficiency of African catfish. Four treatments were applied: a control diet (without synbiotics) and diets supplemented with 1%, 2%, and 3% (v/w) fermented banana peel prebiotics. Observed parameters included Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), feed efficiency, and survival rate. The results indicated that synbiotic supplementation positively influenced growth and feed utilization. The best performance was obtained at the 3% dose, with an SGR of 6.78%, FCR of 1.07, feed efficiency of 93,97%, and survival rate of 84%. These findings suggest that the application of synbiotics at an optimal dose can be practically implemented in intensive African catfish culture to reduce feed costs, improve production efficiency, and support more sustainable aquaculture practices
Copyright (c) 2026 Linuwih Aluh Prastiti, Qorie Astria, Nadisa Theresia Putri, Dian Febriani, Rio Yusufi Subhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Increasing Local Biomass Waste for Independent Fish Feed Production
Bengkulu Province has extensive potential in the fisheries, agriculture, and forestry sectors. However, the fisheries sector currently faces a dependency on commercial feed. The use of waste materials is expected to reduce dependence on commercial feed. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design with several research treatments. In this study, the best treatment was the use of Fermented Vegetable Waste + 15% Fermented Coffee Husk (B2), which showed quite efficient FCR, SGR, and PER results.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Subhan Hamka, Triayu Rahmadiah, Ikromatun Nafsiyah, Harry Prayoga Setyawan, Arif Rahman Azis, Asih Sriyanti, Novendra Andika Pratama, Siti Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect Of Different Feeding Percentages Of Golden Snail Paste On Growth And Survival Of Pearl Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Larvae
Feed is a primary factor influencing the growth and survival of pearl catfish larvae, therefore innovation in alternative feed that is efficient and highly nutritious is required. This study aims to analyze the effect of feeding paste made from golden snail flour (Pomacea canaliculata) at different percentages on the growth and survival of African catfish larvae (Clarias gariepinus). The method used was an experimental design with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of three feeding treatments (5%, 10%, and 15% of biomass weight) with five replications, conducted over a 30-day rearing period. The observed parameters included survival rate (SR), absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, average daily growth (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), and water quality. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that different feeding percentages had a highly significant effect (p > 0.05) on all parameters. The best treatment was obtained at a feeding rate of 10% of biomass weight, with a survival rate of 96.4%, absolute weight gain of 24.6 g, absolute length gain of 4.56 cm, ADG of 0.41 g/day, and SGR of 70%. Water quality during the study remained within optimal ranges, with temperatures of 24–27°C and pH levels of 7.8–8.5. Thus, feeding paste made from golden apple snail flour at 10% of biomass weight is the optimal dosage to improve the growth and survival of pearl catfish larvae.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Rafif Baihaqi Falah, Rita Rostika, Gatot Hari Priowirjanto, Fittrie Meyllianawaty Pratiwy, Mohamad Hamdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Processing Performance and Economic Feasibility Profile of Jambal Roti Salted Fish in Pangandaran, West Java
Pangandaran's abundant fishery resources require proper processing to prevent rapid spoilage, making preservation through jambal roti salted fish production crucial for both food security and local livelihoods. Jambal roti salted fish production has become a crucial economic activity for coastal communities in Pangandaran. This study aims to analyze the processing performance and economic feasibility of jambal roti salted fish production in Pangandaran, West Java. The study employed Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP), and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) for processing performance analysis, while Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) was used for economic feasibility assessment. The results showed that the enterprise is economically viable, with a monthly profit of IDR 4.940.278 and a profitability rate of 15.44%. Additional economic indicators include a BCR of 1.18, payback period of 0.23 years, BEP (Q) of 54.19 kg/month, BEP (IDR) of IDR 4.142.927/month, and a production cost per unit of IDR 67.649/kg. However, the technical performance evaluation indicated only 47% compliance with GMP, SSOP, and HACCP standards, suggesting substantial room for improvement in food safety practices. In conclusion, while jambal roti production in Pangandaran is economically feasible, improvements in processing performance are necessary to ensure better food safety compliance and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ananda Dwi Septian, Iwang Gumilar, Nora Akbarsyah, Ine Maulina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hatchery Performance of Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) at Technical Implementation Unit of Fish Health and Environmental Laboratory (UPT LKIL), Pasuruan, East Java
Nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) is a freshwater fish commodity with enormous potential for the aquaculture sector. In aquaculture activities, fish hatchery is one of the crucial aspects. To date, the performance of nilem fish hatchery activities at the UPT LKIL has not been reported. This study was conducted to understand techniques for hatching Nilem fish using a semi-artificial system at the UPT LKIL Pasuruan, East Java. This study was conducted over 60 days at the UPT LKIL Pasuruan, East Java (Figure 1). The method used during this study was descriptive. The results showed that the hatchery activity at UPT LKIL Pasuruan, East Java showed 94% fertilized eggs, a 91% hatch rate, and an 88% survival rate. It can be concluded that the hatchery of Nilem fish at UPT LKIL Pasuruan showed good performance. These great results were supported by the use of ovaprim, good dissolved oxygen content, and fine protein feed. Although the temperature and pH were higher, UPT LKIL conducted water changes to neutralize them. UPT LKIL should prepare an indoor pond to prevent sunlight penetration so that the temperature and pH are not high.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, Azza Fazania Zahira, Syahrul Isrofi, Mochamad Sahroni Hamzah, Muhammad Yahya, Ramzi H. Amran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bacterial Abundance and Identification in Recirculating System of Sumatran Barb Fish Rearing Media with Duckweed as Biofilter
The Sumatran Barb fish (Puntigrus tetrazona) is a freshwater ornamental fish which is highly demanded in the ornamental fish export market for its attractive colour patterns. The common problem in ornamental fish farming is the excessive use of water resources, increasing operational costs. A Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is preferred since it can process water repeatedly and is more environmentally friendly. Duckweed plants (Lemna minor) can be used as a natural biofilter because they absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and provide a habitat for beneficial bacteria. This study was conducted for 40 days, with the treatments consisting of different plant coverage areas. Duckweed plants were applied with area coverage of P0/control (without duckweed plant), P1 (20% area coverage of duckweed plants), P2 (40% area coverage of duckweed plants), and P3 (60% area coverage of duckweed plants). The bacterial abundance values obtained during the maintenance period ranged from 1.52 to 1.79 x 106 CFU mL-1 and differed significantly (P<0.05) across all treatments. The lowest TPC value was observed in the P0 treatment (1.52 x 106 CFU mL-1), and the highest in the P2 treatment (1.79 x 106 CFU mL-1). Based on the identification test, bacteria belonging to the genera Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Nitrosomonas, and Pseudomonas were identified. Water quality parameters were optimal across all treatments, namely pH between 6.0 and 6.85, dissolved oxygen (3.43-3.95 mg L-1), TAN (0.2-0.4 mg L-1), and phosphate (1.00-2.5 mg L-1). Meanwhile, temperature and nitrate exceeded the optimal limits, with values ranging from 29 to 30 °C and 72 to 210 mg L-1 across all treatments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dita Wisudyawati, Ardha Nur Mustofa, Fajri Rahman Afif, Dinzidan Adiputra, Fata Habiburrahman, Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon, Abdul Manan, Rozi, Muhammad Hanif Azhar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Seaweed Carrageenan (Kappaphycus Alvarezii) Concentration on Vitamin C Content, Moisture Content, pH and Sensory Characteristics of Tomato Sauce
Tomato sauce generally requires a thickening agent to improve its viscosity. Synthetic thickeners such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) may increase pH, making them less suitable for meeting the quality requirements of tomato sauce, which is naturally acidic. This study aimed to evaluate seaweed carrageenan (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as a natural thickener and to determine the effect of different concentration levels on vitamin C content, moisture content, viscosity, pH, and sensory characteristics of tomato sauce. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications, a positive control with 0.25% CMC, and carrageenan treatments at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.30%, and 0.35%, each with four replications. Chemical and physical parameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test, while sensory evaluation data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Walli’s test followed by the Mann–Whitney test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that increasing carrageenan concentration significantly increased vitamin C content and viscosity, while significantly reducing moisture content and pH (p < 0.05). The 0.35% carrageenan treatment produced the highest vitamin C content (4.00 mg/100 g), the lowest moisture content (70.63%), the highest viscosity (15.58 cPs), and a pH of 3.25. Sensory evaluation indicated that carrageenan significantly affected texture but had no significant effect on appearance, aroma, or taste. Carrageenan at a concentration of 0.35% was considered the optimal level for producing tomato sauce with the best physicochemical quality and texture while maintaining an appropriate pH range for tomato sauce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naila Dwi Rahmasari, Andriyana Monica Sahidu, Ahmad Shofy Mubarak, Lailatul lutfiyah, Eka Saputra, Sri Subekti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Technology and Policy Strategies for Enhancing Freshwater Fish Seed Production Capacity at the Regional Fish Hatchery (UPTD BBI) of Bontang City
The production capacity of freshwater fish seeds at the Regional Fish Hatchery (UPTD BBI) of Bontang City has not met regional demand. This study aims to formulate technology and policy strategies to enhance freshwater fish seed production capacity. This study uses primary and secondary data to provide a comprehensive overview of freshwater fish seed production capacity at the Bontang City BBI Technical Implementation Unit. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling, comprising 30 internal respondents BBI and 7 relevant academic experts. A mixed-methods approach was applied, including SWOT analysis, IFE–EFE and IE matrices, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results indicate that actual production of 173,840 seeds per year satisfies only approximately 14.5% of regional demand (±1,200,000 seeds/year), resulting in an 85.5% supply deficit. IFE (±2.40) and EFE (±2.00) scores place the organization in IE Quadrant V (hold and maintain). AHP results identify technology and production systems as the top priority (weight 0.30), followed by human resources and infrastructure (each 0.20). The integrated SWOT–AHP analysis prioritizes the WO strategy (global weight 0.38). Strengthening production systems, improving human resource capacity, and gradually upgrading infrastructure are recommended to increase seed production capacity and support regional food security
Copyright (c) 2026 Syamsu Wardi, Amrullah, Dahlia, Nursidi Latief, Muslimin Tompo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Efficacy of Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) as a Natural Anaesthetic at Various Doses on the Survival Rate of Fighting Fish (Betta sp.) During Closed Transport
Fighting fish (Betta sp.) is a popular ornamental fish with high economic value, requiring special handling during maintenance, transportation, or medical procedures to prevent stress and injury. However, concerns about their negative impacts on human health, the environment, and potential residues in fishery products have led regulatory bodies to restrict or prohibit their use. In Indonesia, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries through Regulation No. 1/PERMEN-KP/2019 has officially categorised MS-222 as a restricted veterinary pharmaceutical substance, thereby driving the aquaculture industry to seek safer and more sustainable alternatives. Therefore, a safe natural anaesthetic alternative is needed, such as clove oil containing eugenol. This research is important to study the effectiveness of clove oil as a natural anaesthetic for fighting fish, to provide a safe, effective, and environmentally friendly guide for cultivators and entrepreneurs. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 different clove oil doses (0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.3 ml, and 0.4 ml) and 6 replications, where each plastic contained 100 ml of water, 1 fighting fish, and oxygen, was sealed with a rubber band, placed in a styrofoam box, and simulated for an 8-hour journey. The results showed that the administration of different clove oil doses significantly affected the survival rate of fighting fish (Betta sp.) in closed transport (p < 0.05). The optimal dose identified was 0.1 ml per 100 ml of water, with the highest survival rate reaching 96.67%. This dose resulted in an induction time of 29.83 minutes, an anaesthesia duration of 265.00 minutes, and a recovery time of 25.17 minutes, and showed no negative impact on water quality parameters during transport.
Copyright (c) 2026 Furqon Saeful Rohman, Didik Budiyanto, Maria Agustini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Competitiveness Analysis of Indonesian Frozen Shrimp Exports to China Using RCA and EPD
Indonesia is one of the world's major exporters of frozen shrimp, but its market share in China is still relatively small despite the country's high demand. This study aims to analyze the trend of Indonesia's frozen shrimp export performance to China, analyze comparative competitiveness using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis, analyze competitiveness dynamics through Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and formulate strategies to improve export competitiveness. The study used secondary time series data (2014-2023) obtained from BPS, KKP, UN Comtrade, and other official sources. The results showed that the trend of Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports to China fluctuates but tends to increase, with a significant spike in 2022. The RCA analysis shows that Indonesia's comparative competitiveness was strong at the beginning of the period, but weakened since 2019-2023 as the RCA value is consistently below one. Meanwhile, the EPD analysis shows that Indonesia's export position is often in the Lost Opportunities category, signaling a failure to capitalize on market growth despite growing Chinese demand. These findings indicate the need for strategies to strengthen competitiveness through market diversification, modernization of cultivation systems, improved logistics efficiency, implementation of international standards, and more aggressive promotion and branding in the Chinese market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardian Christyanti, Taufik Setyadi, Dona Wahyuning Laily https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects of Feed Type and Culture System on Growth and Survival of Panulirus homarus Puerulus in Situbondo, East Java
Lobster (Panulirus homarus) aquaculture in Indonesia remains limited due to suboptimal feed management and culture systems, resulting in low growth and survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different feed types and culture systems on growth performance, survival rate, feed efficiency, amino acid content, and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity in lobster puerulus. The study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: culture media (bottom cage, floating cage, and fiber tank) and feed types (kijing clams, trash fish, and shrimp head waste). Each treatment was replicated three times at a stocking density of 30 individuals per square meter. The results showed that the highest survival rate (90%) and best feed conversion ratio (6.6) were obtained in fiber tanks with kijing clam feed. The highest growth performance (5.11 g) and enzyme activity were recorded in fiber tanks with shrimp head waste feed. Amino acid content, particularly leucine, was also highest under the same treatment. Statistical analysis indicated that both feed type and culture system significantly influenced lobster performance, with strong relationships observed between feed composition and physiological responses. The conclusion is that the combination of appropriate feed and a controlled culture system is essential for improving lobster aquaculture performance. Fiber-based systems with high-quality feed provide optimal conditions for growth, survival, and metabolic activity, supporting more efficient and sustainable lobster farming.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hendra Hendra, Abdul Rahem Faqih, Mohammad Fadjar, Lailatus Silfiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship Between Mudskipper (Periophthalmus spp.) Protein Content and Environmental Factors in CMC Tiga Warna Mangrove
Mudskipper is a brackish water fish with high protein content and potential as an alternative source of protein. One of its natural habitats is the Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC) Tiga Warna area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the protein content of mudskipper and examine its relationship with environmental factors and sediment organic carbon in the mangrove ecosystem. Samples of mudskipper (Periophthalmus gracilis and Periophthalmus modestus), environmental parameters, and organic carbon were collected using purposive sampling at five stations. Protein content was determined using the Lowry method, while organic carbon was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and relationships among variables were assessed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that protein content ranged from 11.55% to 18.55%. The highest pH was recorded at station 2 (7.437), temperature at station 1 (30.667°C), dissolved oxygen at station 3 (4.400 mg/L), salinity and total dissolved solids at station 5 (41 ppt; 27,833,333.33 ppm), and organic carbon at station 5 (1.995%). PCA indicated that protein content was positively associated with organic carbon and pH, but not with temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, or total dissolved solids. Furthermore, protein content did not significantly differ between species or sampling stations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fakhrul Rozy, Tyas Nyonita, Didik Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stakeholder Analysis of Small-Scale Fisheries in Bunyu Island, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Small-scale fisheries in Bunyu Island, North Kalimantan, hold a strategic position in supporting Indonesia’s maritime border economy. Various stakeholders are involved in the management of small-scale fisheries in the island. The objective of this study is to analyze stakeholders engaged in small-scale fisheries in Bunyu Island, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. A survey method was employed, with data collection conducted from July to August 2025. Respondents were determined using a purposive sampling technique, comprising parties directly involved in small-scale fisheries on the island. The analysis employed stakeholder categorization, stakeholder analysis by influence-interest matrix, and actor linkage mapping to examine stakeholder positions and interactions. The findings indicate that 14 stakeholders are engaged in the management of fisheries in Bunyu Island. The Marine and Fisheries Office of North Kalimantan hold both high interest and influence due to its authority in fisheries management. Fishers, while having high interest, exhibit relatively low influence in the policy-making process. These findings highlight the presence of power asymmetry and predominantly top-down governance structure. Academic institutions play a role by providing research and recommendations to support fisheries management. To promote collaborative governance, the Provincial Marine and Fisheries Office should institutionalize fisher participation in decision-making forums.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufiq Romdoni, Muhammad Firdaus, M. Gandri Haryono, Awang Pradana, Yushra, Muhammad Yusfi Yusuf, Ardy Andreas Bernard Kase, Dian Islamia Muhtar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effect of Feeding Natural Feed of Daphnia sp. Enriched with Viterna on the Growth of Gourami Fry (Osphronemus gouramy)
This study aimed to determine the growth performance of gourami fish (Osphronemus gouramy) fed with Daphnia sp. enriched with Viterna at different doses. The research used an experimental method with four treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P1 (0 ml/L as control), P2 (10 ml/L), P3 (20 ml/L), and P4 (30 ml/L) of Viterna enrichment. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine significant differences among treatments. The results showed that Viterna enrichment significantly affected absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, and daily growth rate (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on survival rate (P>0.05). The highest absolute length growth was observed in P4 (1.79 cm), which was not significantly different from P3 (1.39 cm), while the lowest was found in P1 (0.35 cm). The highest absolute weight growth was also found in P4 (1.91 g), which was not significantly different from P3 (1.64 g), while the lowest was in P1 (0.69 g). The highest daily growth rate was recorded in P4 (3.20%), which was not significantly different from P3 (3.13%), while the lowest was in P1 (2.46%). Based on the results, the enrichment of Daphnia sp. with Viterna at a dose of 20 ml/L (P3) is considered the most effective treatment for improving the growth of gourami fish.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riki Ardiansyah, Andika Putriningtias, Suri Purnama Febri, Muhammad Rizki Shobirin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Optimization of Grouper Nursery Rearing Techniques to Improve Production Yields at CV. Bali Akkua Marine
The optimization of nursery rearing techniques plays a crucial role in improving the survival rate and growth performance of cantang grouper (Epinephelinae). This study evaluates the effectiveness of a two-stage nursery rearing system at CV. Bali Akkua Marine, Bali, in enhancing production efficiency and economic feasibility. The results showed a consistently high survival rate of 95% across both phases. The reduction in stocking density in the second phase minimized stress and improved fish growth, while optimized water quality management, including filtration and flow-through systems, maintained stable environmental conditions. In addition, tailored feeding strategies incorporating vitamin C, probiotics, and Enrofloxacin 2S improved feed efficiency (FCR 1.3) and fish health. Economic analysis indicated that the system is highly feasible, with an R/C ratio of 3.48 and a break-even point far below actual production levels, demonstrating a high margin of safety. These findings highlight that the integration of optimized technical practices and efficient resource utilization can significantly enhance both production performance and economic sustainability in grouper nursery operations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jefri Putri Nugraha, Putri Nurhanida Rizky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Technical Efficiency of Milkfish Pond Farming Using Traditional and Semi-Intensive Technology in West Jawa
Efforts to increase milkfish production through efficient resource use are very important to study to provide alternatives for farmers in managing a milkfish pond business. It aims to increase production by using existing inputs so as to reduce farming costs and increase farmers' income. Specifically, the objectives of this study are (1) to describe the performance of the milkfish pond cultivation in both traditional and semi-technical production technologies, (2) to analyze the technical efficiency of the milkfish pond cultivation on both production technologies, and (3) identify the factors which affects the technical efficiency of the milkfish pond cultivation. This study used 2013 Agricultural Census data with a total of 1015 respondents of milkfish farmers in West Java Province. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and quantitative analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the characteristics of the respondents' activity, the socio-economic conditions of farmers, the use of production inputs from the milkfish pond cultivation. Quantitative analysis is used to analyze technical efficiency using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and to identify socio-economic factors that affect technical efficiency using the Tobit regression. The results showed that the milkfish pond cultivation in West Java Province in general is still cultivated traditionally (56 percent). The results also showed that the technical efficiency value of milkfish farmers with efficient traditional technology was 38 percent of the total farmers who cultivated traditionally with an average technical efficiency value of 0.7, while the milkfish farmers using semi-intensive technology were 22 percent of the 449 farmers. which uses semi-intensive technology with an average technical efficiency value of 0.6. The observed inefficiency may be attributable to suboptimal input allocation, although further analysis is required to establish a causal relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahfudlotul Ula, Suprehatin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Vannamei Shrimp Production at PT Bengkulu Sukses Lestari Aquaculture (PT. BSLA)
Vannamei shrimp has several advantages for aquaculture, including a strong feeding response, high appetite, relatively high resistance to poor environmental conditions, rapid growth, and high survival rate. In the current competitive business environment, aquaculture enterprises are required to optimize production processes to improve productivity and maintain competitiveness. This study aimed to identify the production factors affecting vannamei shrimp production at PT Bengkulu Sukses Lestari Aquaculture (PT BSLA), both partially and simultaneously. The study was conducted at a single pond site owned by PT BSLA using a quantitative descriptive method. Four independent variables were analyzed, namely land area (X1), fry (X2), feed (X3), and labor (X4), while production was used as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results showed that land area and labor had a significant partial effect on vannamei shrimp production, while fry and feed did not show a significant partial effect. Simultaneously, land area, fry, feed, and labor significantly affected vannamei shrimp production. These findings imply that optimizing land utilization and labor management is essential to improve the productivity and sustainability of vannamei shrimp farming at the company level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Fahmi Syahputra, Rhochmad Wahyu Illahi, Yeni Sari Wulandari, Amalia Febryane Adhani Mazaya, Elfa Fitriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0